The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that an increase in temperature of 2°C could result in a significant increase in heatwaves, which could potentially double in duration. This rise in temperature can cause heat stress in animals, a condition that arises when animals cannot dissipate body heat effectively. For poultry, which are susceptible to high temperatures due to their small size and high metabolic rates, this could be fatal. With dairy cows, they are unable to reduce their body heat effectively. This happens when the ambient temperature combined with humidity exceeds a certain threshold, known as the Temperature Humidity Index (THI).

What are the impacts of heat stress?

Heat stress in poultry manifests in various ways, such as panting, reduced feed intake, decreased egg production, and in severe cases, death. According to a study published in the journal 'Poultry Science', the mortality rate of chickens can increase by 5% for every 1°C rise in temperature above their comfort zone. This could spell disaster for poultry farmers, particularly in developing countries where adaptive capacities are limited. 

The effects of heat stress on dairy cows are multi-faceted. It can cause a decrease in milk production, as cows eat less to reduce their metabolic heat production. This can lead to weight loss and a decreased ability to reproduce. Furthermore, the quality of milk can also be affected, with a potential increase in somatic cell count (an indicator of mastitis) and a decrease in milk fat and protein percentages.

It's not just the direct impact of heat stress that's concerning. The indirect effects of increased global temperatures, such as the spread of diseases and parasites that thrive in warmer climates, can further exacerbate the mortality rates in poultry and other animals. For instance, the spread of avian influenza, which is influenced by climatic conditions, could pose an added threat to poultry populations. Increased heat stress conditions can also lead to a higher prevalence of diseases in cows, as their immune system is compromised. This can increase mortality rates and veterinary costs, further affecting the profitability of dairy farming.

The loss of animal life due to heat stress also has profound implications for food security, biodiversity, and economies. The poultry industry, valued at over $200 billion globally, supports millions of livelihoods, particularly in rural areas. 

How can mortality insurance support farmers?

Farmers are trying to mitigate the effects of heat stress through various strategies. These include providing shade, improving ventilation, and installing cooling systems in barns. Additionally, nutritional adjustments can help livestock cope with heat stress, such as increasing the energy density of the diet and providing adequate fresh water.

Mortality insurance can also work alongside these strategies to provide much needed financial support to farmers. Outside temperatures don’t just put stress on animals, but also the equipment that is designed to keep livestock cool.  When misters blow out hot mist or fans just re-circulate hot air, the impacts can be devastating. The London market saw two large claims in 2023 where the back-up generators failed resulting in the deaths of a large number of calves.  As long as certain procedures required by insurers are followed, cover against power interruption and equipment breakdown is offered by the London market.

Miller is here to help

Whilst it does not compensate for the emotional impact of losing livestock, nor fix the overarching threat that climate change presents to the survival of animals globally, having insurance in place can add a much needed support system to help rebuild and restock. Miller has one of the only dedicated livestock teams in the London market and as true specialists in our field. We’re here to help so do get in touch.